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Poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Lour) is a species of Scrophulariaceae, has been used to treat diabetes mellitus traditionally and give satisfactory results. The Research was intended to know antidiabetic activity of crude extract ethanol, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of plant leaves in mice and chemical structure elucidation one of chemical compound of plant leaves. The research include characterization, phytochemical screening of simplex, crude extract of ethanol, n-hexane extact, ethyl acetate extact and ethanol extract of poguntano leaves, testing antidiabetic activity performed in mice with Glucose tolerance method and alloxan induction method.

Isolation of steroids/triterpenoids compounds from n-hexane extract by chromatography and analyzed by preparative TLC with mobile phase of nhexane: ethyl acetate (80:20). Isolates were characterized by UV spectroscopy, FTIR, LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 2D-NMR (COSY, HMBC and HSQC). The results of the characterization of simplex, crude extract of ethanol, nhexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract obtained water content of 5.97; 11.81; 4.95; 4.91 and 7.96% respectively. Content of water -soluble extract 25.66; 056.30; 0.71; 13.94 and 65.15% respectively. Content of ethanol soluble extract 19.32; 66.05; 2.77; 61.39 and 84.45% respectively. Total ash content of 4.01; 2.39; 0.47; 0.50 and 1.81%. Content of acid insoluble ash 0.78; 0.41; 0.06; 0.08 and 0.31% respectively.

Phytochemical screening of simplex and crude extract of ethanol showed the presence of flavonoid, glycosides, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. N-hexane extract showed the presence of steroids /triterpenoids. Ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoid, glycosides, saponins and tannins. Ethanol extract showed the presence of glycosides and saponins. The glucose tolerance test showed at dose 200 mg/kg bw crude extrct ethanol statistically significant decreasing effect compared with glibenclamide dose 0,65 mg/kg bw. The antidiabetic effect test using alloxan induction, the results blood glucose reduction of test animals after treated with crude extract of ethanol, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract up to ten days were 60.13%, 44.47%, 53.96% and 54.06% respectively. Examination with UV spectrophotometer obtained λ of 268.5 nm and infrared at wave numbers of 3414 cm-1 implied the presence of OH groups, at 2920.23 cm-1 implied the presence of aliphatic -CH (on CH3), -CH aliphatic (on CH2) at 2850.79 cm-1, C = C at 1562.34 cm-1, CH 2 at 1413.82 cm-1, CH3 at 1354.03 cm-1, CO at 1114.86 cm-1.

Spectrum of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, (COSY, HMBC, and HSQC) showed that isolates have 29 carbon atoms consisting of 6 CH3 groups, 11 CH2 groups, 9 CH groups, and 3 quaternary carbon atoms with functional groups of cyclic, alkyl, hydroxyl, and ena non conjugation. MS spectrum showed a molecular weight of 414. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that crude extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract exhibited different extents of antidiabetic activity and a pure isolates (A1) is a steroid compound and after comparison with the literature of pure isolates (A1) is concluded as β - sitosterol. Poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Lour) adalah salah satu spesies dari suku Scrophulariaceae. Secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk mengobati diabetes mellitus dan secara empiris hasilnya memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes crude ekstrak etanol, ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol daun poguntano terhadap mencit serta elusidasi struktur salah satu kandungan kimianya. Penelitian ini meliputi karakterisasi, skrining fitokimia simplisia, crude ekstrak etanol, ekstrak n-heksana, etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol daun poguntano.